According to school choice critic Richard Kahlenberg, private school vouchers will never work because successes with small pilot-level voucher programs (which help some students at the expense of others) cannot be replicated when taken to scale. A better and more egalitarian option, he says, would be to allow every child the opportunity to attend a "solidly middle class" public school through a system of mandatory public school choice, spanning school district lines and subject to "fairness" guidelines. "The Problem of Taking Private School Voucher Programs to Scale" by Richard D. Kahlenberg, The Century Foundation, June 27, 2002.