The Education Gadfly
A Weekly Bulletin of News and Analysis from the Thomas B. Fordham Institute
March 4, 2010, Volume 10, Number 9
This week on The Education Gadfly Show Podcast: Zipping through Thailand
Contents
From Checker's Desk
News and Analysis
Recommended Reading
- Wake me up before you go, go
- The new politics of education
- Marie Antoinette goes to CPAC
- Sharing is improving
- Vampire of Nazareth?
Flypaper's Finest (The best from Flypaper, Fordham's blog)
The Education Gadfly Show Podcast
Short Reviews
- Closing the Expectations Gap 2010: Fifth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers
- Why Race to the Middle? First-Class State Standards are Better than Third-Class National Standards
- Better Federal Policies Leading to Better Schools
Announcements
From Checker's Desk
Finn on Ravitch
Diane Ravitch’s important new book, The Death and Life of the Great American School System, has already stirred controversy, exactly as she intended. For it embodies and expresses--with her characteristic confidence, style, and verve--a fundamental change in her views about where U.S. K-12 education should be heading. Simply stated, she believes it should recapture the strengths of the traditional public-school system, incorporate a vigorous common curriculum, and renounce many of the theories, practices, policies, and programs that have comprised America’s major education-reform emphases in recent years. More than a few of those are reforms that she had herself promoted in her writings, board memberships, speeches, media comments, and government service.
She admits that she’s changed her mind.
Diane and I go back a very long way--three decades, give or take--and in addition to personal friendship we have, during that period, shared a basic diagnosis of what’s awry in U.S. education. It boils down to this: Most kids aren’t learning nearly enough of the important stuff that they ought to be learning.
That was true in 1981 when we jointly launched the Educational Excellence Network and it’s still true today. Our view of the central problem needing to be solved has, I believe, remained constant and there is no daylight between us on that score.
We also share a number of disappointments and frustrations arising from reform efforts that have been mounted to solve that problem. Standards, in many places, have proven nebulous and low. “Accountability” has turned to test-cramming and bean-counting, often limited to basic reading and math skills. That emphasis, in turn, has diverted what was already weak-kneed attention to history, literature, art, etc. Efforts to rectify the “basic skills” problem have led to the folly of “21st Century skills” rather than a solid liberal arts curriculum. Textbooks, by and large, suck. NCLB has brought as many problems as solutions. Technology has wrought no miracles. Teacher education, with rare exceptions, is still appalling. Charter schools are uneven at best.
I could go on. A lot of innovations and reforms, meant to solve the underlying achievement problem, have failed to do so--hence our essentially-flat test scores and graduation rates these past three decades--and some have had malign side effects. That’s what Diane reports and in many areas I agree.
Yet when it comes to the future, we mostly disagree about what course America should follow. She has become more conservative while I have become more radical.
She would undo most if not all of the “structural” reforms that have been put in place in recent years--mayoral control, performance-based pay, charter laws and other choice schemes, reliance on entrepreneurship and market incentives, federal efforts to incentivize and prod the system to change in constructive directions, testing and results-based accountability, and more. She would, instead, look to the “great American school system” and a (somehow) renewed culture and family structure to do right by our children. Yes, she would augment that system with better-educated (and compensated) teachers, a strong core curriculum, a different (curriculum-based) approach to assessment, greater emphasis on behavior and attitudes, and a number of collateral “social” changes such as better families and home environments. At the end of the day, however, she has concluded that, after all the policy fumblings of the past couple of decades, the public-school system and its custodians and employees are best suited to make education decisions that will benefit the nation and its next generation.
I agree about the curriculum part but not much else. The failures of recent years have left me angrier than ever with that system, its adults-first priorities, its obduracy, inertia, and greed, as well as its capacity to throw sand into the gears of every effort to set it right. Unlike Diane, I don’t trust teacher unions to do right by children (or to do right by great teachers, for that matter); I don’t expect locally-elected school boards to put kids’ interests first; I see “neighborhood schools” as education death-traps for America’s neediest youngsters; and I think the “Broader, Bolder” social-reform agenda is on the one hand naïve (most of these things just aren’t going to happen on their own and can’t be made to happen) and, on the other hand, deeply mischievous (because it lifts responsibility from schools for all that they could and sometimes do accomplish pretty much single-handedly).
Where I come out--you can read more in National Affairs’ “The End of the Education Debate”--is that America needs not less education reform but far more fundamental and radical reform. I want every child to have quality school choices, I want stronger (and broader) external standards, I want more open paths to becoming an educator, I want empowered school leaders (really empowered, in ways that would also break the union stranglehold) who are compensated like CEOs, I want super pay for great instructors and no pay for incompetents, and I want a complete makeover of “local control." The system needs a shakeup from top to bottom, not a restoration.
Diane thinks my prescription is guided by wishful thinking and unproven theories and would destroy an honorable and needed institution. I think that, while her analyses of past failures are often spot-on and frequently aligned with my own, her prescription for the future is guided by wishful thinking, nostalgia, and unwarranted faith in an antiquated institutional arrangement that was already demonstrating its failure when we founded the Educational Excellence Network and has done nothing since to renew itself.
For all that, Diane and I still like and respect one another. We adore each other’s families. We agree about a thousand things outside of K-12 education. And we agree about what a good education consists of and why it’s crucial for everybody’s children. It’s the next fork in the road to that destination where we now head in different directions.
This piece originally appeared on Forbes.com.
Email to a friend | Comments (2)
News and Analysis
Teaching as leadership
Though viewpoints on how to reform American public education are numerous and discordant, they tend to converge on one key premise: teachers matter. A lot.
Unfortunately, the consensus stops there. What characteristics do excellent teachers share? How do we measure these traits? What precisely do they do in the classroom that makes such a difference? Who knows? Maybe Teach For America does. In its new book, Teaching as Leadership: The Highly Effective Teacher’s Guide to Closing the Achievement Gap, authored by TFA’s vice president for knowledge development and public engagement Steven Farr, TFA has captured two decades worth of findings on 17,000 teachers to answer this simple question: What distinguishes an all-star teacher from the rest?
We learn that six traits characterize highly-effective teachers:
- Set big goals that are ambitious, specific, and measurable. This is also known within the TFA community as BHAG (“big, hairy, audacious goals”). Hairy is right--one NYC principal’s request that teachers outline their goals for students recently prompted the United Federation of Teachers to file a grievance.
- Invest in students and their families. Teach For America doesn’t have a monopoly on this; however, TFA may be unique in the extent to which its teachers will do nearly anything (dye their hair, shave their heads, pay for field trips out of their pockets) to motivate their pupils to learn.
- Plan purposefully. When you’re an amateur with a tough assignment, deliberate planning is one of the only ways to prevent the crashing and burning that haunts every new teacher. Such deliberateness prevents misbehavior from erupting during transitions and ensures that students are spending every second of their time on task.
- Execute effectively. TFA realizes that execution requires a dose of humility to recognize when a lesson is failing, to not take things personally, and to be so committed to the students that you can recognize the slightest wrinkle of confusion on a child’s face during a lesson, or a subtle act of disinvestment, and make changes accordingly.
- Continuously increase effectiveness. Farr points out that when observing TFA’s most effective teachers, it’s common to hear apologies from them that the class is in the midst of dramatically changing its management system, restructuring guided reading groups, etc. In other words, the only thing these teachers are tied to is never being tied to anything.
- Work relentlessly. Some traits of highly effective teaching are harder to develop than others. The fuel driving TFA-ers to work long hours, to face failure daily, to not only write high expectations on a classroom poster but to truly believe that children performing years behind grade level can leave their class achieving at high levels, comes from an internal locus that even TFA has a difficult time quantifying.
Why does any of this matter?
For starters, lessons from TFA appear to be inspiring President Obama’s and Secretary Duncan’s focus on “effectiveness” (versus No Child Left Behind’s emphasis on “highly-qualified” teachers). The idea is written into Race to the Top, and stands behind the four turnaround strategies of School Improvement Grants, especially the “turnaround” option, which focuses on major staffing changes in schools. Instead of evaluating teachers by what they did (e.g. certification or college courses), the administration wants to evaluate them on what they do (using student achievement metrics).
Still, when it comes to understanding the “squishier” traits of excellent teachers (such as grit and perseverance) and figuring out how to recruit and develop talent, there is a dearth of solid research. TFA’s work helps fill that void and others are jumping on the bandwagon too. Bill and Melinda Gates are pouring big bucks into the Measures of Effective Teaching project, an initiative that observes and surveys 3,700 teachers in six cities through 2011. It hopes to inform teacher evaluation through videotaping teachers, amongst other things, to capture, analyze, and learn from effective and not-so-effective teaching.
With a nearly twenty-year-old organizational commitment to data collection, research, and measuring value-added student growth, it’s fair to say that Teach For America is ahead of the game. Its findings add urgency to our pursuit of better evidence on excellent teachers, and inspire hope that a new consensus--one that doesn’t just stop at the vague admission that teachers matter--may well be within reach.
O’Leary, a policy analyst in Fordham’s Columbus, Ohio office, is a Teach For America Camden, NJ 2005 corps alumna.
Email to a friend | Comments (1)
Recommended Reading
Wake me up before you go, go
On Tuesday, North Carolina’s Wake County school board narrowly (5-4) decided to replace its four-decade-old policy of integrating schools via busing. The latest iteration of that policy, now one decade old, aimed to ensure a middle-class majority at each school in the system; the district was able to do this because it was big and relatively affluent. In the last decade, however, Wake’s population has increased 38 percent, mostly due to an influx of poor Hispanic families. The changing demographics made it harder and harder for the system to achieve its school diversity goals. Some students now travel as many as twenty miles to school, meaning bus rides of an hour or more, and are reassigned yearly to keep the balance. The long commutes and frequent upheavals propelled four new anti-busing members onto the school board last fall; they joined with an incumbent to create the five-person anti-busing majority. Over the next three years, the new plan will create neighborhood zones, some twenty in all, and depend on magnet schools to maintain voluntary socioeconomic integration. William Barber, president of North Carolina’s NAACP chapter, voiced the concerns of many when he said the plan will create “private schools with public dollars.” It seems likely that many Wake County schools will become racially and socioeconomically isolated (as the Charlotte schools did when that system ended its busing program). While perhaps unfortunate, this also seems to be a lesson in the politics and feasibility of integration: Though a well-run program can thread the political needle for a time and within reason (at least sixty other districts nationwide have some version of a “controlled choice” integration plan), even the most progressive-minded parents have their breaking point.
“District May End N.C. Economic Diversity Program,” by Robbie Brown, New York Times, February 27, 2010
“Once a Leader in School Diversity, NC Retrenches,” by Mike Baker, The Associated Press, March 2, 2010
“Rally Backs Busing Students for Diversity,” by Lynn Bonner, Sun News, February 28, 2010
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
The new politics of education
Gadfly occasionally grumbles about the Obama Administration’s policies and actions, but it’s hard to find fault with the President’s comments on Monday about the Central Falls, RI firings. "If a school continues to fail its students year after year after year, if it doesn't show signs of improvement, then there's got to be a sense of accountability," Obama said. "And that's what happened in Rhode Island last week at a chronically troubled school, when just 7 percent of 11th-graders passed state math tests--7 percent." This led to a quick and angry reaction from AFT president Randi Weingarten: "We know it is tempting for people in Washington to score political points by scapegoating teachers,” quoth she, “but it does nothing to give our students and teachers the tools they need to succeed.” That would be compelling rhetoric were it not that the Central Falls teachers were fired only after their union refused to play ball with the district on a reasonable reform proposal. Regardless, we can’t help but enjoy this intramural squabble on the left. Twenty-five years ago, when “right winger” Bill Bennett was squaring off with the teachers unions on issues like this, who would have guessed that in 2010 a liberal African-American Democratic president would be doing the same?
“Obama angers union officials with remarks in support of R.I. teacher firings,” by Michael A. Fletcher and Nick Anderson, Washington Post, March 2, 2010
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Marie Antoinette goes to CPAC
How to eat your cake while claiming it’s disgusting, unhealthy, and philosophically bankrupt, too? Republican governors are quickly becoming savvy gourmands, as they attempt to balance their rhetorical opposition to federal stimulus funding with their growing reliance on it to fill gaping budget holes, a.k.a. the conundrum of metaphorical grandstanding crashing headlong into tax-based reality. Case in point: Florida Governor Charlie Crist, who has taken a beating in the polls from Tea Party favorite and primary challenger Marco Rubio for supporting Florida’s $16 billion federal stimulus intake. And the Sunshine State was just announced as a first-round Race to the Top finalist--due in great part to effective education reforms implemented under Republican governor Jeb Bush. If Florida wins, will Crist claim a political success? Or will Rubio turn the grant into yet another example of federal funding gone overboard? The same conundrum faces Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, who’s got conservative credentials to defend and whose state is also an RTTT finalist. Sweet talk won’t smooth over this hypocrisy.
“Federal funding: A Double-Edged Sword for GOP Governors,” by Harry Moroz, The Atlantic Online, March 1, 2010
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Sharing is improving
New teamwork is visible in New Orleans and it’s not on the football field. Ten NOLA charter schools will participate in a collaborative effort led by the Achievement Network (ANet). The organization provides interim testing (on a six to eight week schedule) and support to charter organizations wondering how they’re doing--and how they can improve--in between yearly assessments. The alliance will serve a second purpose too: helping schools in the nation’s most decentralized district benefit from economies of scale. “As the formal government structures fall that are holding schools together, there will need to be organizations that are bringing schools together. We help schools identify what specific sub-skills students get confused on--it really isn’t revolutionary. But it’s very hard for schools to take this on on their own,” explains Josh Densen, managing director of ANet in NOLA. ANet also operates in Boston and Washington, D.C., where it helps schools improve their instructional practices by breaking down data at the classroom and student level. A school leader at one of ANet’s schools in the Big Easy said she found the variation between teachers within each grade to be striking--and informative. It’s refreshing to see charters voluntarily being more self-reflective--and testing being put to good, productive, immediate use.
“New Orleans charter schools form partnership to analyze performance,” by Sarah Carr, The Times-Picayune, March 1, 2010
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Vampire of Nazareth?
An unnamed communications “staffer” in Utah’s Alpine School District is hoping a fire he (she?) ignited is soon extinguished by the nearby Great Salt Lake. The luckless employee posted a link to an essay which presumably elaborated on the district’s mission to “educate all students to ensure the future of our democracy.” So, what’s the problem? While the essay writer believes that America is a “representative democracy,” he also believes that Jesus was “one in a long string of ‘historic vampires,’” that we should worship the sun, and that the Virgin Mary was “just an unwed pregnant teenager.” Oh boy. Click-happy, conspiracy-prone parents cried “indoctrination!” and central administrators stuffed themselves with crow. A barrage of calls later, the link vanished into the ether. Note to school districts: If you expect your students to do their homework, you had better do yours, too.
“District parents angry over radical Web link,” by Caleb Warnock, Daily Herald, February 25, 2010
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Flypaper's Finest (The best from Flypaper, Fordham's blog)
My impromptu education debate with Bill Ayers
Jamie Davies O'Leary
Forget accusations of terrorism, it seems wise to shy away from involvement with Bill Ayers if only because his ideas on public education reform are, well…pretty awful. Last weekend I went to Midtown Scholar, a used bookstore in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in search of chai tea. I wound up sitting in on a lecture on American public education delivered by Ayers--a.k.a. a giant helping of the Jonathan Kozol-esque public education can only be fixed with more money argument, complete with a side of cynicism toward “right wing” reform ideas and hoards of misinformation....Read it here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Major disappointment
Andy Smarick
The US Department of Education had the opportunity today to send a clear signal--that the Race to the Top is an once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, that very good wouldn’t be good enough, that only the biggest and boldest plans would merit consideration. Instead, the administration accepted 15 states and Washington, DC--nearly 1/3 of all applicants--as finalists....Read it here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
The Education Gadfly Show Podcast
Zipping through Thailand
Rick and Amber are back, and what a show it is. First Rick and Mike discuss Diane Ravitch’s new book, the Central Falls firings, and whether Governors Crist and Jindal are in a pickle. Then, Amber gives us the scoop on Boston teacher hiring, firing, and retention stats and Rate that Reform crosses the pond. Click here to listen through our website and peruse past editions. To download the show as an mp3 to your computer, click here (no iPod required--this link will play through any music software on your computer, including Windows Media Player or RealPlayer).
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Short Reviews
Closing the Expectations Gap 2010: Fifth Annual 50-State Progress Report on the Alignment of High School Policies with the Demands of College and Careers
Achieve, Inc.
American Diploma Project Network
February 2010
The fifth edition of this annual report presents its most encouraging outlook yet on the state of college- and career-ready expectations in the U.S. It looks at whether states’ K-12 standards, high school graduation requirements, assessments, P-20 data systems, and accountability measures are well-aligned. While nationwide adoption of each piece of this puzzle has been gradual (see the 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009 reports), the authors cite a new state-led consensus--that all students should graduate from high school college- and career-ready--as an encouraging sign that states are moving in the right direction. To wit, while only three states had college- and career-ready standards in place five years ago, thirty-one do now, an addition of eight in the last year alone. The rest, report Achieve, are either in the process of overhauling their standards or are waiting for the “Common Core” standards (with which Achieve is involved) as guidance. This is notable because the Obama Administration proposed last week that the reauthorization of ESEA tie Title I funds to “career- and college-ready standards” and because the immediate reaction to that announcement was that the Administration was implicitly requiring that states adopt the CCSSI standards when they come out. Then again, this survey relies on states’ self-reporting--though Achieve requires independent verification, and has itself verified twenty-three states’ claims--and “career- and college-ready” is based on each individual state’s postsecondary and business community’s definition. But still, if at least twenty-three states have career- and college-ready standards already, then is all the fuss over CCSSI and the Title I announcement for nothing? You can read the report here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Why Race to the Middle? First-Class State Standards are Better than Third-Class National Standards
Ze’Ev Wurman and Sandra Stotsky
Pioneer Institute and Pacific Research Institute
February 2010
This is an unforgiving analysis of the Common Core State Standards Initiative (CCSSI) that will energize ideological opponents of national standards. But please take it easy, at least for a few more days. This critique is based on drafts from several iterations ago. (Final drafts--but still drafts--will see daylight next week, we are assured, and a public-comment period will then commence.) The authors’ complaints are numerous, beginning with the ambiguity of the CCSSI’s “College and Career Ready” mantra, and ending with bad wording, incorrect statements, and gaps in the draft year-by-year sequences. Central to their case is a comparative graphical representation of thirty-two key math standards derived from extent standards in California, Massachusetts, the CCSSI draft, and high-performing countries. The CCSSI standards show some (though not many) gaps in their coverage. Thus, conclude the authors, the “First-Class State Standards” found in CA and MA are superior. (Mind you, the CA and MA standards are superior to those from the 48 other states, too.) The authors also take particular offense at the dearth of English majors and English teachers among the CCSSI drafting committees, and go out of their way to jab at the Gates Foundation, which has been behind many of the moving parts that comprise the CCSSI. As for us, we’ll wait another week and check out the actual “drafts” for ourselves. Find the report here.
Email to a friend | Comments (1)
Better Federal Policies Leading to Better Schools
Center on Education Policy
February 2010
This short paper is CEP’s take on the reauthorization of ESEA, seeking greater prescription on the front end (standards, testing) and less on the back end (school turnaround efforts)--a bit like Fordham’s own suggestions of a year ago. In particular, they’d keep annual testing in reading and math, as well as the disaggregation of data by subgroup, while scrapping the 2014 proficiency goal and federally mandated sanctions for schools or districts failing to meet AYP. Helpfully, each recommendation is presented in the abstract and then in the more concrete manifestation of ESEA itself i.e., which specific provisions of the law they’d keep, abandon, or change. What’s particularly newsworthy and notable is that CEP’s Jack Jennings, who spent much of his liberal Democratic career staffing the House education committee and who will soon retire from CEP, has sized up the federal role circa 2010 and determined that greater humility is needed. Hurrah for him. Check it out here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Announcements
Developing our relations
Do you have development experience and seek an opportunity to lead a dynamic organization’s fundraising efforts? Are you interested in education reform, goal-driven, cheerful, bright, hard-working, enterprising, flexible, ambitious and glad to keep pace with a lively and sometimes demanding work environment? We might be fundraising soul mates. Fordham is on the hunt for a new Development Director, someone with several years of experience in the field, and strong communication skills. Interested persons should send a resume, cover letter, and references to jobs@edexcellence.net and be able to start no later than April 1, 2010. Find more information here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
Ravitch explains
Read this week’s editorial and find your curiosity piqued? Don’t worry, you’re not out of luck. AEI and Fordham are co-hosting a book launch event of the same name for The Death and Life of the Great American School System, Diane Ravitch’s “u-turn” treatise on education reform, next Wednesday, March 10 on AEI’s twelfth floor. The conversation will take place from 4 to 5:30 pm, and feature William A. Galston (Brookings), Mark Schneider (AEI and AIR), and Dennis Van Roekel (NEA) as discussants. AEI’s Rick Hess will moderate. Find more information and RSVP here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
The big screen, free
Every once and a while, Gadfly sticks in a VHS (we’re old fashioned) and relaxes with a cold cup of flower nectar; then he shares his thoughts with you. Remember our review last summer of “The Cartel,” that exposé of the New Jersey education system? Well, if you’re a beltway insider (or just-outsider), you’re in luck, because it’s showing, for free, as part of the D.C. Independent Film Festival at noon on Sunday March 7. Despite being gratis, you have to reserve tickets in advance, so find more information here.
Email to a friend | Comments (0)
About Us
The Education Gadfly is published weekly (ordinarily on Thursdays), with occasional breaks, by the Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Regular contributors include Amy Fagan, Chester E. Finn, Jr., Kyle Kennedy, Mickey Muldoon, Jamie Davies O’Leary, Eric Osberg, Stafford Palmieri, Emmy Partin, Michael J. Petrilli, Laura Elizabeth Pohl, Terry Ryan, Janie Scull, Saul Spady, and Amber Winkler. Have something to say? Email us at thegadfly@edexcellence.net. Would you like to be spared from the Gadfly? Email thegadfly@edexcellence.net with “unsubscribe gadfly” in the text of your message. You are welcome to forward Gadfly to others, and from our website you can also email individual articles. If you have been forwarded a copy of Gadfly and would like to subscribe, you may either email thegadfly@edexcellence.net with “subscribe gadfly” in the text of the message or sign up online here.
The Thomas B. Fordham Institute is a nonprofit organization that conducts research, issues publications, and directs action projects in elementary and secondary education reform at the national level and in Ohio, with a special emphasis on our hometown of Dayton. (For Ohio news, check out our Ohio Education Gadfly, published bi-weekly, ordinarily on Wednesdays.) The Institute is neither connected with nor sponsored by Fordham University.
